El Salvador — Publications

IOM: Returning to Debt - Examining the Effects of Indebtedness on Reintegration Outcomes

February 2023

Samuel Hall in partnership with EU- IOM Knowledge Management Hub and the University of Sussex funded by the European Union conducted a study that builds on previous research on debt and reintegration by analysing migrant returnees’ and their households’ experiences with debt in five countries - Bangladesh, Cameroon, El Salvador, Ghana, and Iraq.

Our findings show that debt impacts all aspects of the migration cycle and experience and can take diverse forms. Debt and indebtedness are common in migrants’ and returnees’ lives and are not inherently negative for reintegration, but specific debt characteristics can be. There is a need to advocate to reduce costs of migration while also making structural legal changes to ease the burden of indebtedness on migrants.

Download Executive Summary Here

Download Full Report Here

Listen to the ‘Returnees' indebtedness: Addressing barriers to sustainable reintegration’ episode on the Exploring Migrant Reintegration Podcast

Samuel HallFebruary 6, 2023DEBT, Reintegration, EU-IOM, University of Sussex, Bangladesh, Cameroon, El Salvador, Ghana, Iraq, Migration

AFI – Bringing the Informal Sector Onboard: Challenges, Opportunities and Policy Solutions

April 2021

Approximately 2 billion people work in the informal sector globally, comprising 61% of the world’s workforce. Large-scale employment and economic activity occurs informally, especially the case in the Global South. AFI commissioned Samuel Hall to create practical knowledge products on how financial sector policymakers and regulators can better integrate the informal economy into the financial inclusion agenda and the formal sector. The "Bringing the Informal Sector Onboard" Guideline Note and Toolkit are both based on shared experiences between global AFI member countries, learning from specific challenges, opportunities and policy intervention mixtures across developing and emerging economies. This peer learning on bringing the informal sector onboard enhances knowledge and formulates usable policymaking tools, with direct impact on poverty reduction, sustainable and inclusive growth, and financial inclusion.

Download Toolkit

Download Guideline Note

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